Ultraviolet (UV) rays are a form of ionizing radiation emitted by the sun and artificial sources like tanning beds. While UV rays are essential for the production of vitamin D and have some health benefits, excessive exposure can have detrimental effects on human skin, with a significant link to skin cancer.

UV rays are categorized into UVA and UVB rays. UVA rays penetrate the skin’s deeper layers, causing premature aging, and wrinkles, and contributing to the development of skin cancers like melanoma. UVB rays primarily affect the skin’s surface and are a leading cause of sunburn and non-melanoma skin cancers, such as basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma as well.

Prolonged and unprotected exposure to UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells. This DNA damage can lead to mutations that trigger uncontrolled cell growth, which is a hallmark of cancer. Melanoma, in particular, is highly associated with UV exposure, and individuals with a history of sunburns or excessive UV exposure are at a higher risk.

Skin cancer rates have been on the rise, underscoring the importance of sun protection. Using sunscreen with a high SPF, wearing protective clothing, and sunglasses, and seeking shade during peak sunlight hours can help reduce the risk of UV-induced skin cancer. Regular skin checks, early detection, and prompt treatment are vital in managing the disease.

In conclusion, UV rays from the sun and tanning devices have a significant impact on human skin, increasing the risk of skin cancer, especially melanoma. Practicing sun-safe behaviors, including sunscreen use and protective clothing, is crucial in minimizing this risk and promoting overall skin health. Skin cancer prevention and awareness efforts play a pivotal role in reducing the burden of this potentially deadly disease.

About the author- Dr Sourav Ghosh, Medical Director, Techno India Dama Hospital