Cervical cancer remains one of the most significant health challenges for women, particularly in countries like India, where it accounts for nearly one-fifth of the global burden. Despite medical advancements, awareness, and prevention remain the most effective tools in combating this disease.

With over 90% of cervical cancer cases caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), vaccination is a crucial step in reducing its prevalence. However, it is essential to understand that HPV is not just a concern for women—men, too, are susceptible to HPV-related cancers, including head and neck, anal, and penile cancers.HPV spreads through intimate skin-to-skin contact, making early vaccination—ideally between ages 9 to 14—an important preventive measure for both girls and boys.

 In India, the availability of Quadrivalent and Nine-Valent HPV vaccines protects against multiple high-risk strains of the virus. Vaccinating boys alongside girls not only helps in reducing transmission but also safeguards men from HPV-related cancers, ultimately contributing to a healthier population.

In addition to vaccination, routine screening methods like Pap smear and HPV testing play a vital role in detecting pre-cancerous changes, allowing for timely intervention. Women between 20-25 years should undergo Pap testing every three years, and those above 50 should continue screening at regular intervals.

Beyond individual action, public health policies and community awareness initiatives must work together to ensure accessible screening programs, trained healthcare providers, and widespread education about HPV and cervical cancer.

The Indian government’s mission— ‘Cervical Cancer Mukt Bharat’—aims to eliminate cervical cancer by 2070 through widespread HPV vaccination, regular screenings, and timely treatment.

To truly combat cervical cancer, we must shift the narrative: HPV is not just a women’s issue; it is a public health concern that requires a collective effort. By promoting awareness, advocating for early vaccination of both genders and ensuring access to screening and treatment, we can move toward a future where cervical cancer is no longer a threat.

About the author- Dr. Parnamita Bhattacharya – gynecologist and obstetrician at CMRI Kolkata

Priyanka Dutta